Health Care Reform and Nursing Profession Term Paper

Health Care Reform and Nursing Profession - Term Paper Example A study conducted by the World Health Organization (1999) revealed that the health care system in United States ranked 37th in overall performance and 72nd in overall level of health among 191 nations reviewed in the study. Again, according to the U.S. Census Bureau (2012), the number of people without health insurance coverage rose from 49.0 million in 2009 to 49.9 million in 2010. A recent study also revealed that more than 44,800 excess deaths occur annually in U.S. due to lack of insurance (Wilper, Woolhandler, Lasser, McCormick, Bor, & Himmelstein, 2009). These were the major driving factors that led to the release of the health care reform act, also called the patient protection and affordable care act or the PPACA. The U.S. Health care reform act extends healthcare coverage to nearly 32 million people by providing subsidies for people who cannot afford insurance on their own, developing consumer-friendly rules clamped on insurers, offering tax breaks and developing marketplace s to shop for insurance plans (Frellick, 2010). This act gives new opportunities to nurses to deliver care and play a vital role in leading change. It challenges nurses to do more to prevent diseases, provide chronic care management especially to the growing geriatric population and offer end-of-life care that focus on comfort and compassion. Following are some of the provisions in the healthcare reform that affect nurses: Reauthorization of Title VIII Nursing Workforce Development Programs The new healthcare reform reauthorized some of the major workforce development grant programs like advanced education nursing, workforce diversity grants, nursing education, practice and retention grants and nursing student and nurse faculty loan programs (Health Resources and Services Administration, n.d.). In 2010, $243 million was allocated towards Nursing Workforce Development Programs (Wood, 2011). These programs have been made available to promote nursing education through loan repayment an d scholarship programs and ensure that there are enough nurses to care for the growing healthcare needs in the future. These grant programs under the Public Health Service Act are the chief source of federal funding for nursing education (Frellick, 2010). Nurse-Managed Health Clinics The passage of the U.S. 2010 Health care reform act has resulted in the authorization of nurse-managed health clinics (NMHCs) which are nurse practice arrangements where advanced practice nurses serve as primary care providers, managers and administrators (Esperat, Hanson-Turton, Richardson, Debisette, & Rupinta, 2012). NMHCs provide health care services ranging from basic health promotion and disease prevention approaches to full service primary care including chronic disease management programs to the underserved populations and is associated with a school, college, university or department of nursing, federally qualified health center or an independent non-profit health or social service agency (Espe rat et al., 2012). These NMHCs provide a ‘safety net’ for medically underserved populations in crucial health care access points in areas where primary care physicians are in short supply (Frellick, 2010). In 2010, the Human Resources and Services Administration released $14.8 million in prevention fund dollars to support grants to 10 NHMCs, but this funding was not renewed in

Domestic or Foreign Policy Issue Essay Example for Free

Domestic or Foreign Policy Issue Essay The political system of the United States has it that the three branches of government are independent and co-equal. In all policy issues, both domestic and foreign, the Legislature, the Executive and the Judiciary function separately but in support of the other two. In the War on Terror of the United States of America the three branches of government have each a separate role to do. The Constitution assigns to the President as Chief Executive, the chief command of the armed forces, matters related to foreign relations and the administration of the laws of the land. He is granted broad powers, such as in the Detainee Treatment Act, when the nation’s security is threatened and is at risk and as Vice President Dick Cheney said, â€Å"the Bush administration’s effort to keep the nation safe†. The justification is to â€Å"maximize the exercise of power to protect the nation,† because in the War on Terror, the president is vested with the â€Å"authority to establish rules related to both the detention and trial of alleged enemy combatants† (Corn, 2008). Congress is the law maker of the nation. Joint Resolution 23 or the War Powers Resolution of both Houses of Congress, gave the President â€Å"specified procedures †¦ regarding military action of the United States †¦ [which is the] responsible policy making that the Constitution assigns to the Congress† (Frye, 2002). The Courts are the final arbiters on questions of law, put simply the Judiciary interprets the Laws. In the War on Terror, the Supreme Court overruled both Congress and the President when it â€Å"struck down a provision of the Detainee Treatment Act that limited the access to judicial review by detainees in Guantanamo seeking to challenge their classification as enemy combatants† and in another instance when it â€Å"struck down assertions of plenary presidential authority to establish rules related to both the detention and trial of alleged enemy combatants† (Corn, 2008). In the War on Terror the three co-equal branches of government are carrying out their constitutional mandates, in their own independent forms to keep the country safe. References Corn, Geoffrey S. (2008, June 18). Boumediene v. Bush and the Role of the Courts in the War on Terror. Retrieved January 22, 2009 from http://www. worldpoliticsreview. com/article. aspx? id=2310 Frye, Alton. (2002, April 17). Applying the War Powers Resolution to the War on Terrorism. Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved January 22, 2009 from http://www. cfr. org/publication/4514/ Swarns, Rachel L. (2008, December 21). Cheney Defends Bush on President’s Role. The New York Times. Retrieved January 22, 2009 from http://www. nytimes. com/2008/12/22/us/politics/22veeps. html? Mount, Steven. (2009, January 20). Constitutional Topic: The Government. US Constitution Online. Retrieved January 22, 2009 from http://www. usconstitution. net/consttop_govt. html

Impact of Cultural Heritage on Bryce Courtenay and Ernest Hemingway :: Biography Biographies Essays

Impact of Cultural Heritage on Bryce Courtenay and Ernest Hemingway Throughout the world, there are many diverse cultures, each of these distinct cultures have different backgrounds, rituals and practices. These cultures have a profound effect on the minds of their inhabitants. It's a person's culture which effects their thoughts, beliefs and their outlook upon life. It doesn't matter where you are from or where you go to, you always have a piece of your culture with you wherever you are. It is your cultural heritage's and background which molds your mind, and your thoughts of how you perceive the world around you. In every culture different aspects of the society are viewed differently. Some cultures share similarities with other cultures about how they view things. In many cultures sports plays a key role in the society, and many times the whole community is based around the sports. No matter where you are from, sports will always play a role in the society. Many times in literature you can tell where the setting is or where the author is from by the way the community or society in the literature view sports. If you look at the literature that authors produce and where they are from, you will notice a common trend in all of their work. The cultural heritage of the writer affects the perspective in which they write from or about. The cultural heritage affects the writers perspective in many different ways, among them are stereotypes and the setting of the story and the everyday activities that the character go through. Two prime examples of how an authors cultural heritage affects the perspective that they write from is the South African author Bryce Courtenay and the American author Ernest Hemingway. Bryce Courtenay was born and raised in South Africa and received his early education there. He spend the majority of his adolescent life in South Africa and in his final year in Africa he spent it in the copper mines of Central Africa, before he moved to England to complete his education.1 Courtenay spent his early life in Africa, and the African culture had a profound affect him. His time in the copper mines also had a penetrating effect on him and it is visible in his writing, when he wrote about the mines in Africa.

P&G analysis Essay

Euromonitor International’s report on Procter & Gamble Co, The delivers a detailed strategic analysis of the company’s business, examining its performance in the Beauty and Personal Care market and the global economy. Company and market share data provide a detailed look at the financial position of Procter & Gamble Co, The, while in-depth qualitative analysis will help you understand the brand strategy and growth prospects of Procter & Gamble Co, The. This report examines: Company share by region and sector Brand portfolio New product developments Marketing and distribution strategies A detailed SWOT analysis of Procter & Gamble Co, The provides strategic intelligence on: Strengths and weaknesses Category and country opportunities for growth Challenges and threats from current competition and future prospects Global and regional market positions Research You Can Trust: Euromonitor International’s company profile reports are written by our Beauty and Personal Care research team, a dedicated group of analysts that knows the industry inside and out. Buy this report to inform your planning, strategy, marketing, sales and competitor intelligence functions. Growth opportunities in combining shaving and skin care products P&G oral care dynamic but Colgate drives product development High brand loyalty but losing oral care share in emerging markets Opportunities exist for P&G in premium fragrances P&G stresses Cover Girl’s American essence Brand Strategy Gillette brand enjoys broad geographic reach Procter & Gamble aims for more premium image for Pantene Procter & Gamble looks to cross-category branding for Olay Operations P&G emerging market manufacturing sites by country 2012 Recommendations Beauty portfolio in need of greater segmentation

The Metaphors of Ted Hughes

Ted Hughes is considered to be one of the best poets that had ever lived, he is also considered a favorite among poetry enthusiast even up to this day.   His works are considered as included to the canons of poetry that are being studied and being used as references in many learning institutions worldwide.   Ted Hughes and his poems popularity didn’t gain worldwide acceptance just because of his highly criticized and controversial marriage to another popular writer, Sylvia Plath.   His poems are just that terrific, in fact, he is considered as the best poet of his generation by many critics.   He has this unique and impeccable grasp of the language that he wields on his poetry.His poetry became known for the resonant language that rings in the subconscious of the readers, vivid and rich imagery that opens the eyes of the readers, the cadence and speech rhythms that keep the readers’ hearts pounding to every beat.   Among these elements of poetry that had made Ted Hughes an immortal in the world of literature is the metaphors, metaphors that simply act like an addictive substance that keeps the audience wanting for more, poem after another.   This may well be the reason why Ted Hughes’ poetry became so widely read.Ted Hughes’ choice and use of metaphorsTed Hughes’ choice and use of metaphors are basically depending on the topic that his poems wish to tackle.   He was quite very fond of using mythology and folklore as metaphors to describe contemporary topics. He also had employed animals and natural phenomena to show how he views human nature and the condition of human living.   She also had some metaphors for her wife Sylvia Plath. Those poems had later received a barrage of criticisms from the supporters of Sylvia Plath (Heptonstall).Ted Hughes is certainly one of the best wielders of metaphors to sharpen his poetry. It just shows that the range of the types of metaphors is of a wide range. It even seems that Ted Hughes can utilize anything as a metaphor.A very notable thing about his use of metaphors is that even though most of the metaphors are items that can be seen everyday and sometimes even taken for granted, the use of the metaphors is still gripping and interesting. It is undeniable that the metaphors that he uses are quite clichà ©s as they were already used by many poets that preceded him. But the admirable fact is that Ted Hughes has this unique talent of transforming clichà ©s into something fresh and interesting.Mythology and folklore as Ted Hughes’ metaphorsTed Hughes has this fascination with the mythological and folkloric. It just shows because of the many poems that he had written that employs the mythological and folkloric as his metaphors. One of the most famous of these poems is entitled â€Å"The Minotaur.† The poem is quite shall I say spooky in tone â€Å"left your mother a dead end had brought you to the horned bellowing grave of your risen father and your own corpse within it.† (Hughes)Other poems that had also displayed Ted Hughes fascination with the mythological and folkloric are: his adaptation of the famous Greek tragedy â€Å"Oedipus Rex† that he had given the title â€Å"Orghast,† and his adaptation of the famous tormented Greek hero Prometheus that he had given a witty and catchy title, â€Å"Prometheus in His Crag.† (Heptonstall) Ted Hughes fascination with the mythological and folkloric just tells us that he is a well-read poet and he has respect and appreciation for those who had written before him.The natural world used as metaphors by Ted HughesTed Hughes is known for being close to nature, actually, his sensitivity towards nature is renowned and admired by other poets. His poems about the natural world became models for aspiring poets for generations.AnimalsTed Hughes is actually considered by many as the poet of animals (Heptonstall). He had written many poems that had utilized anim als as the main metaphors. The number of his poems about animals could cover even cover several anthologies. To discuss them all would exceed the pages allowed for this essay. To name some of the most famous of them we have â€Å"The Jaguar,† â€Å"The Crow Poem,† and his signature poem and most anthologized â€Å"The Thought-Fox.†NatureHe had shown his appreciation for the natural world in his poem â€Å"Pike† which was set in the seaside. Ted Hughes had displayed in a single line his perception of the sea during his writing of this poem â€Å"None grow rich in the sea†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hughes) In this poem, Ted Hughes had portrayed the sea as a scary place. But that fear doesn’t mean that he has a literal fear for the ocean like he has some phobia of swimming. That fear means that he respects the sea, with amazement to its duality of sheer power and undeniable beauty.Another example of how Ted Hughes had utilized nature as a metaphor is in his poem entitled â€Å"The Beach.† This poem was suppose to be about her wife Sylvia Plath, about her depression and frustrations on her constant quest for â€Å"true† freedom. Here is an excerpt from the poem â€Å"you crave like oxygen American early summers yourself burnt dark some prophecy mislaid somehow England was so poor† (Hughes)Ted Hughes metaphors for Sylvia PlathTed Hughes and Sylvia Plath’s marriage and relationship is probably the most controversial union in the writing world. Both of them were excellent writers, actually considered the best of their generation, and that fact had initially given us the impression that it was a match made in heaven. Then, the world was shocked when Sylvia Plath had taken her own life. Many blame Ted Hughes and their failed marriage as the main reason why Sylvia Plath had committed suicide. Here is an example of how Ted Hughes had used metaphors, in this case a fox, to describe her failing marriage with Sylvia Plath â€Å"I had grasped that whatever comes with a fox is a test of marriage and proves it a marriage I would not have failed it? But I had failed our marriage had failed.† (Hughes)ConclusionTed Hughes’s grasp of the poetic element called metaphors is definitely undeniable. His strength as a poet is definitely displayed by his wide range of topics that he can use a metaphor. He is able to convey his ideas through the identities of the metaphors that he employs. Through that style, he is able to keep his poems fresh and always interesting to read and hear. Ted Hughes’ use of rich metaphors supplies the readers a link as to what these metaphors has to say. Moreover, since he is quite notorious for always employing metaphors in his poems, the readers are always looking forward to reading and hearing his poetry since they know that metaphors are used as symbols that poetry enthusiasts are always very interested to unearth the hidden meanings.Works CitedHeptonstall, Geof frey.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Ted Hughes: New Selected Poems, 1957-1994.†Ã‚  ContemporaryReview  266.n1553  (June 1995):  330(2).  General OneFile.  Gale.  Winter Park HighSchool.  24 Mar. 2008  .Hughes, Ted. Poems

10 Essay Topics on ‘The Scarlet Letter’ by N. Hawthorne for a Literary Analysis

10 Essay Topics on ‘The Scarlet Letter’ by N. Hawthorne for a Literary Analysis If The Scarlet Letter by N. Hawthorne is part of your syllabus, chances are that your instructor will have you write a literary analysis. Through this assignment, they will give you a better chance to grow familiar with the basic ideas and concepts of the text. However, to get a good grade, you will need to go beyond a mechanical surface analysis and present well-thought-out ideas about the work. In addition to reading the book, you need to know a few facts to create an exceptional literary analysis. So, here is a list of 10 essential facts that can help you better understand ‘The Scarlet Letter’ and come up with your own topic for an effective analysis. If you want something a little more direct, refer to or list of 20 essay topics for ‘The Scarlet Letter’ by N. Hawthorne for a literary analysis. ‘The Scarlet Letter’ is the most famous book by Nathaniel Hawthorne. The setting is seventeenth-century Puritan New England. The events of the book take place during 1642 -1649. It is a tragic tale of love and the consequences of betrayal. The Puritanical attitudes and values play a major role in the social narrative of the novel. They are also the driving force behind the gender expectations and themes. The novel was one of the first American books to be mass-produced. During that era, books were hand bound and sold in small quantities. The first mechanized printing of ‘The Scarlet Letter’ produced 2,500 copies; all of them were sold out within ten days. The book enjoyed immense popularity and was widely read and discussed in all circles. This reception was quite rare for that period in literary history. The merits of the work were further recognized by the 20th century author D.H. Lawrence, who said that ‘The Scarlet Letter’ was a perfect work of American imagination. The overarching themes of the narrative are the struggle between sin and righteousness. The individual’s role and the role of the society are explored throughout the novel. The minor characters and the community’s behavior reflect how individuals were expected to behave during those times. There was a strict code of conduct which was to be followed by all, which is why transgressors were judged harshly. The protagonist, Hester Prynne, is made to wear a scarlet letter A to mark her as an adulteress and display her shame to the world. The letter is meant as a physical reminder of Hester’s affair with the cheating minister Dimmesdale. As the story progresses, this symbol of shame transforms. It shifts from standing for â€Å"Adulterer† to meaning â€Å"Able†, and then finally takes on a vague, indeterminate meaning. This transformation is meant to show the meaninglessness of the system and punishment, and judgment of the community. Another major theme explored is that of the extreme Puritan legalism. Hester makes the choice of not conforming to this mode of thinking. She rejects their beliefs and rules. Hester spends her life trying to help out the poor and the sick as much as possible. The rejection of the society forces her to re-evaluate her values. As a result, she does not mix with the society and ends up living a largely solitary life. Solitude is a major factor in bringing about the transformation in her thoughts and beliefs. It allows her to explore her own and society’s ideas of guilt and sin. Her thoughts go beyond the Puritan beliefs, making her begin to see her sin from a different perspective. The extent of the change in Hester’s beliefs is obvious from the fact that she begins to believe that the earthly sins can be atoned for and do not necessarily result in eternal damnation. Hester communicates this belief when she tells Dimmesdale that the sin they committed has been paid for as a result of their daily penance. This is in sharp contrast with Puritanical beliefs which hold that the sin of adultery condemns a person to Hell and cannot be forgiven. Hester is physically and spiritually alienated from the Puritan society. Her thinking becomes free from the religious bounds placed on it and she develops her own moral standards. This character development becomes clear when Hester decides to move on after the death of Dimmesdale. She can no longer conform to the strict beliefs of the Puritanical society. ‘The Scarlet Letter’ was first published in the year 1850 by Ticknor Fields. Its publication marked the beginning of Hawthornes most lucrative period. Hester’s daughter, Pearl is fascinated by the scarlet letter her mother wears. Pearl reacts to it with an attitude of joy and curiosity whereas the Puritanical elders see it as a sign of the devil. The mirthful personality of Pearl saves Hester from falling into the abyss of darkness. Instead of making her feel more ashamed, the child becomes her saving grace. These facts cover most of the themes and ideas presented by Nathaniel Hawthorne in what is believed to be his masterpiece; but, as with any work of literature, there can be no exhaustive list of facts.   You can explore the novel further if you have enough time. However, if you are in a hurry this list will give you the push you need to become creative and begin working on your assignment. If you need help with writing this assignment, check out our guide on how to write a literary analysis on ‘The Scarlet Letter’ by N. Hawthorne for a concise format and more guidelines. Best of luck! References: Maddern, C. (2010). Medieval literature. Harlow, England: Longman/Pearson. Lawrence, D. (1964). Studies in classic American literature. New York: Viking Press. Hester and Pearl in The Scarlet Letter by NathanielnHawthorne/Introductory Page. (2016). Hawthorneinsalem.org. Retrieved 6 April 2016, from hawthorneinsalem.org/Literature/HawthorneWomen/ScarletLetter/Introduction.html Charvat, William. Literary Publishing in America: 1790–1850. Amherst, MA: The University of Massachusetts Press, 1993 (first published 1959): 56. ISBN 0-87023-801-9 Parker, Hershel. The Germ Theory of The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne Society Newsletter 11 (Spring 1985) 11-13. The Classic Text: Traditions and Interpretations. Uwm.edu. 2001-10-09. Retrieved 2016-04-06. Schwab, Gabriele. The mirror and the killer-queen: otherness in literary language. Indiana University Press. 1996. Pg. 120.

Free Essays on Lady Clare Essay

LADY CLARE ESSAY The Ballad ‘Lady Clare’ is about a woman finding that she is not a rich Lady, but she is in-fact a poor maid. she then goes to her fiancà © and, trusting his love for her, tells the truth. The Lady in the ballad was not rich because the real Lady Clare died while feeding from the nurse and the she swapped the child with her own. I think the nurse swapped the children for two reasons; one was to save her job and two was to give her child a better life than the she could have given her. The ballad has quite a lot of detail and you can understand the feelings of some of the characters quite well like when the nurse says to ‘‘Lay Clare’’ – â€Å"give one kiss to mother dear alas! My child I sinned for thee†- in this quote I think the nurse is saying that she knows that shi did wrong but she did it in the best interests of her child. The ballad is very well told because it goes into a lot of detail, explaining some points very well, it also gave you a clear description of lady Clare’s personality because, in the ballad although the doe had only just met Lady Clare it followed her and trusted, her this meant that she was a very caring girl. In some ways Lady Clare is a typical ballad because it : Has a leading and strong character Tells a story Set in a historical setting And this is what most ballads have. In other ways ‘Lady Clare’ is not a typical ballad in that: It has no repeating chorus It is not in song form It has no rhyming in it Tennyson makes his characters seem quite real in that he shows you their feelings and, without you even realising it, makes you create a picture of them in your mind. From the way the three characters behave in the ballad we find that Lady Clare and Lord Ronald are from quite rich or well- off backgrounds, but the nurse on the other hand is from a poor background. The characters show their feelings fir one another quite well- for ex... Free Essays on Lady Clare Essay Free Essays on Lady Clare Essay LADY CLARE ESSAY The Ballad ‘Lady Clare’ is about a woman finding that she is not a rich Lady, but she is in-fact a poor maid. she then goes to her fiancà © and, trusting his love for her, tells the truth. The Lady in the ballad was not rich because the real Lady Clare died while feeding from the nurse and the she swapped the child with her own. I think the nurse swapped the children for two reasons; one was to save her job and two was to give her child a better life than the she could have given her. The ballad has quite a lot of detail and you can understand the feelings of some of the characters quite well like when the nurse says to ‘‘Lay Clare’’ – â€Å"give one kiss to mother dear alas! My child I sinned for thee†- in this quote I think the nurse is saying that she knows that shi did wrong but she did it in the best interests of her child. The ballad is very well told because it goes into a lot of detail, explaining some points very well, it also gave you a clear description of lady Clare’s personality because, in the ballad although the doe had only just met Lady Clare it followed her and trusted, her this meant that she was a very caring girl. In some ways Lady Clare is a typical ballad because it : Has a leading and strong character Tells a story Set in a historical setting And this is what most ballads have. In other ways ‘Lady Clare’ is not a typical ballad in that: It has no repeating chorus It is not in song form It has no rhyming in it Tennyson makes his characters seem quite real in that he shows you their feelings and, without you even realising it, makes you create a picture of them in your mind. From the way the three characters behave in the ballad we find that Lady Clare and Lord Ronald are from quite rich or well- off backgrounds, but the nurse on the other hand is from a poor background. The characters show their feelings fir one another quite well- for ex...

5 Ways to Make a Sentence More Concise

5 Ways to Make a Sentence More Concise 5 Ways to Make a Sentence More Concise 5 Ways to Make a Sentence More Concise By Mark Nichol Expressing oneself clearly and concisely in speech is a challenge because one has so little time to order one’s thoughts and choose one’s wording carefully, but writing is easily improved with even the briefest review. Always read over what you have written (whether it’s a tweet or a book manuscript) before you distribute or publish it- not only to adhere to the mechanical basics of grammar, syntax, usage, and style but also to check for narrative flow and conciseness. The following sentences, and the discussions and revisions that follow each one, include advice for paring unnecessary words and phrases. 1. As you establish your policies, it is recommended that you develop a comprehensive list of business activities. When offering recommendations, avoid overly polite entreaties, and simply state the advice as an imperative: â€Å"As you establish your policies, develop a comprehensive list of business activities.† (Other words that signal an expendable phrase are advised, suggested, necessary, and imperative.) 2. Nearly all of the processes and steps conducted during this phase were planned in the early stages. In â€Å"all of the† phrases, of is almost always optional, and the can often be safely omitted as well: â€Å"Nearly all processes and steps conducted during this phase were planned in the early stages.† 3. IPO activity has increased over the past few years, and that presents a great advantage for the company. Be alert for opportunities to condense sentences consisting of two independent clauses into a simple statement. Here, what was an introduced observation is recast as an acknowledged phenomenon, changing the subject from â€Å"IPO activity† to â€Å"the increase in IPO activity†: â€Å"The increase in IPO activity over the past few years presents a great advantage for the company.† 4. Organizations can realize tremendous value from risk management in a cost-effective and efficient way. The presence of way (or manner, or basis, or any similar vague noun) at the end of a sentence signals a sentence in need of abbreviation. Simply dismantle the phrase that ends with the noun and convert the adjectives that precede the noun into adverbs: â€Å"Organizations can cost-effectively and efficiently realize tremendous value from risk management.† 5. There are core sets of critical activities and critical communications that must be performed at this stage. When a sentence or clause begins with an expletive (â€Å"There is/are† or â€Å"It is/They are†), consider omitting the phrase and beginning the sentence with the noun or noun phrase that follows (and delete the now-extraneous that that follows the subject): â€Å"Core sets of critical activities and critical communications must be performed at this stage.† Taking Conciseness Too Far Be cautious, however, about overzealous conciseness, as in the case of multiple nouns and noun phrases stacked in a dense swarm of words. Relaxing a sentence can be just as effective as tightening it in improving a sentence: Overly concise: Executive management and board of directors’ expectations about scalability can be unrealistic. Relaxed: The expectations of executive management and the board of directors about scalability can be unrealistic. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Yiddish Handbook: 40 Words You Should KnowBetween vs. In BetweenCapitalizing Titles of People and Groups

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 5

Reflection - Essay Example The virtual world enables individuals to form and maintain strong interpersonal relationships. It is easier to send instant messages to a person and receive immediate feedback. Hence, through the virtual world enables individual to interact from different places regardless the geographical distance. Virtual works are not limited to location. Communication and exchange of ideas can be done fast and effectively. Through the use of platforms such as Skype, individuals can communicate face-to-face(Bainbridge, 2010). As a result, they can show their expressions and emotions hence enhancing interpersonal communication. Additionally, individuals can express their ideas in basis of similar interests rather than geographical locations. Through the virtual world and individual can get a person who is interested in a certain field. Through that communication flows easily from the sender to the receiver. Virtual world will enable you exchange ideas in that specific field and learn from one another. Virtual world enhances globalization as people spread ideas and innovations to one another through interpersonal communication using the mediums available in the virtual world. Most scientists see it as platform to acquire knowledge(Jain, 2010). They can easily exchange their ideas and build on them as they share the knowledge that they have. Nowadays, the youth cannot avoid the internet. They use the social network to communicate with their friends throughout. It is part of their lives. Through that they obtain instant feedback, and they learn about what is happening in our current society easily. Virtual world enables the youth to have an understanding of what is happening in the world easily. Events are reported immediately they happen hence making the world are informed about what is happening all around the world(Bainbridge, 2010). The global population has turned to the

Reality television show is presumbly bad for American society Essay

Reality television show is presumbly bad for American society - Essay Example Reality television can be defined as unscripted form of drama or actual events that do not follow any form of sequence involving ordinary people, instead of actors who are professionally trained (Boyd and Emily 2). The origin of reality television is not very vivid in that several undocumented films or television programs have been done in the past some dating back as early as 1950’s (Dimare and Philips 914). However, in 1999 to 2000 reality television become one of the fastest growing television programming in the entertainment scene. In as much as reality television has some positive significance in the lives of several Americans, it is also possible that the same show has numerous effects that are extremely dire to the lives of the entire American population. Scholars and television producers have constantly argued in favor of reality television, terming it as the best for regular television programming. This is because people want to see other ordinary people just acting normal without having to read from a script. Moreover, they can easily relate to such television programming, since it involves ordinary people placed in an exotic place. During the stay, they carry on with their lives as normal, although their actions aired on national or international television channels (Kirszner and Mandell 215). For instance, one of the flourishing and helpful reality television programs that support this argument is â€Å"Extreme Make Over home edition.† This is because they enable real families to own homes, built by an extremely talented crew. Such reality television serves two purposes; it entertains the viewer and utterly transforms the lives of American families who do not have decent living conditions. It has also encouraged viewers to express their opinions and, in some cases, vote for their favorite contestant. As a result, the viewers get involved in the show, and they feel that they have the ability to

Descartes holds that we can literally see other people (as opposed to, Essay

Descartes holds that we can literally see other people (as opposed to, say, hats and feet from an upper-story window). Explain h - Essay Example However, in real sense, Descartes actually posits that humans can understand their minds more readily than they can possibly ever understand their corporeal nature, which is subject to doubt (Newman). The theorist bases his arguments on the example of wax in its various forms i.e. solid and liquid form; according to Descartes, the perception senses cannot recognize the semblance in the different forms. In other words, the human senses are inadequate in themselves to effectively describe whether or not the molten wax is similar to the solid wax. Failure by the senses to recognize that both forms of wax are indeed indistinguishable calls us to the overall unreliability of human senses; they cannot provide adequate cognition about the nature of the wax, thus the two different forms of wax are inevitably differentiated. In this regard, Descartes eventually theorizes that perception is a function of the mind alone (Card). In the second part of his argument, Descartes posits that senses pr ovide humans with a better and refined understanding of the nature of things, only that the senses in themselves are not sufficient to determine truth (Newman). Therefore, the senses are constrained by certain limitations thus implying that certain knowledge can only be achieved through judgment, understanding in human minds and thinking. However, it is noteworthy that Descartes, in his almost incredible wisdom, does not at any point rule out the contribution of senses in the process of understanding the nature of things. Rather, Descartes only seems to emphasize that sense perception in humans relies on the mind more than it does on the body. He is nothing else apart from a thinking thing/ a mind/ an intellect/ understanding or reason (â€Å"The Meditations†); this way, Descartes draws an obvious parallel between the mind and the soul. Descartes begins his investigations into perception by disbelieving/ deconstructing his prior knowledge on the nature of things (Newman); he questions even the truth of his own existence thus concluding with certainty that the only possible truth about it was, â€Å"I am, I exist†. However, this conclusion is still constrained with the fact that Descartes does not yet understand the nature of his being. This line of argument also leads him into drawing the second conclusion, equating intellect, reason, understanding, mind and soul with thinking. In this manner, Descartes has successively assigned himself a trait in an attempt to define his nature as a ‘thinking thing’ that can exist independently from the body (â€Å"The Meditations†). Thus, he still advances this further by stating that his thinking encompasses doubting, understanding, affirmation, refusal, imagination and sense. Having successively drawn a supposedly absurd parallelism between thinking and sensing, Descartes clarifies by stating that certain truth is established out of a combination of perceived sensations and thought process es. In other words, Descartes theorizes that that which is knowledge to the human mind, whose nature has been perceived by the senses is more embellished than that which is mysterious or imaginable (Card). In that case, it is easier for us to see people, as opposed to hats and feet, because our thoughts usually form images of human bodies which are then examined by our senses; other things like hats and feet do not

Aristotelian rhetorical analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Aristotelian rhetorical analysis - Essay Example Therefore, since political ads are always one sided; which implies that whoever the media favors gets the right posts, the paper will not take sides, but instead it will analyze the facts surrounding this ad. So, why would the president state the 2013 budget if he was aware of the effect it would have on his popularity? The ad appeals to the readers emotionally by including their needs and even considering their worries. This is how President Obamas 2013 budget of $ 1.5 trillion in tax increases would make it impossible to create job opportunities in Lowa. Further scrutiny reveals the use of the second person singular to make voters feel the desire not to vote in favor of Obama. Note, for ‘you, it would mean higher taxes, increased job losses and continued difficulties in the recovering economy. This move appeals strongly to those voters who are not critical, as they attempt to prevent their lives from becoming more complicated. At this point, let us be critical with the above ad. First, increases in taxes of $1.5 trillion are enormous and fitting in its purpose. This claim would call for research because it is obvious that whoever made the calculations might have included things that only affect a particular group of the society. The pressing question becomes, who will be hardest hit by the tax raises? The source of this information should be credible for the voters to consider the authenticity of the claim. Secondly, "tougher to create jobs in Lowa", is a claim that does not state who the victims are. The attack on Obama’s break of his promise and raising taxes should also not be made exceptional because every potential candidate makes promises, but it is not possible for them to oversee the future of the country’s social and economic status. Thirdly, the use of the second person singular (for you, it could mean higher taxes and more job loss), is always somewhat risky because it is difficult to prove that it applies to the

Project Learning Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Project Learning Plan - Essay Example Additionally, the decisive factor gained from my own personal and professional experiences are by establishing parameters and determination to learn initiatives within those boundaries at being the most effective as a professional in my career. Furthermore, my Master of Professional Studies will be based on my studies that I achieved throughout my career along with my reflections from those experiences. â€Å"With these skills† I am able to relate to projects that are endeavoured to undertake in my business as a Safety Professional with Qld/NT BCM Boral Ltd. The Company operates as a Global and National Construction and Materials company. I am responsible for ensuring that all Queensland sites include the effective safe management and support mechanisms in regard to safety of employees throughout the organisation. My role increasingly places me as an internal leader with my peers. By providing the use of effective interpersonal skills in the provision of leadership, advice and support, I maintain the standards of the principles in performance and standards that I have established as a role model within the safety team. In order to continue my inclinations to succeed, I must essentially set my own conclusions of focus settings within my organisation and externally. Additionally, I must continue to be adaptable in all situations of this position and everyday life experiences. Therefore, by employing and utilising my strategies of project management within the Company and researching the best practices outside the industry, my planned learning methodology will align with the Company’s business objectives and be an active role model of the team. In my Professional Masters, I will be directing my studies into all aspects of my Company: 1) Researching methods and techniques, while drawing on comparisons within the industry; 2) Utilising frameworks and structured approaches to solving project orientated areas; 3) Develop and implement the best practices and procedures within the industry; 4) Work towards managing risks of my organisation to function effectively with these projects. Furthermore, my Professional Masters studies will forward my professional standings within the industry and grading as a Fellow of the Safety Institute of Australia as a proven leader in my profession. In summary, of my Masters, the remaining subjects to finalise this qualification include: WBL 8000: Learning Plan: 1 Unit WBL 8020: OHS Safety Management System National Implementation Project – two Units (submitted). I am currently self-sponsoring my degree in my Masters. However, early indications that these projects have the full support of the Company in regard to time and resources for project completion are assured. Moreover, my mentor in the company has considerable expertise learning in all aspects of my projects, which will greatly expand my existing knowledge to his standard. As I extend my journey, my University lecturer will lead me thro ugh the system by having extensive

Project MAnagment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Project MAnagment - Essay Example This particular research takes into consideration the example of construction of a new house where the critical path can be determined such that delay in the completion of the total project can be avoided, thereby reflecting the benefits of the use of PERT in management of a project. Acknowledgements Table of Contents Serial No. Topic Page No. 1. Introduction 6 2. The Role of PERT in Project Management 7 2.1. Risk Factors in Projects and the Main Objective of PERT 7 3. Construction of New House Project: Use of PERT 8 3.1. PERT Technique in the Construction of a New House 9 4. Conclusion 13 References 14 List of Tables Serial No. Topic Page No. Table 1. The required tasks for construction of house 10 Table 2. Calculation of Earliest Start Times for all the activities of the project 12 List of Figures Serial No. Topic Page No. Figure 1. House Construction Network 9 Figure 2. PERT Diagram for the Construction of New House 11 List of Appendices Serial No. Topic Page No. Appendix A. PERT Diagram 15 1. Introduction: PERT or Program Evaluation and Review Technique is a technique for the management of any project work. ... The estimations of time durations used by PERT are probabilistic in nature. Thus specific time durations are not used by the technique. Optimistic estimates are used for the estimations of the durations, while pessimistic estimates are used for the activities of the project (Schwalbe 2010). The management of project holds significant importance since in large organizations or for larger project works, the tasks and activities of the project proves to be highly complex and hence need expertise for its timely completion. It is for this reason that highly qualified project managers are hired for the management of projects. Such project managers are required to have the specific skills and competencies needed for the project to be undertaken (PM4DEV 2008). Examples of different projects may include construction of houses, factories, shopping malls, development of military systems, construction of oil pipelines, and so on (Russell and Taylor 2006). The present study focuses on an understa nding of how PERT is used in the management of a project considering the example of construction of a house. 2. The Role of PERT in Project Management: Projects such as the building of houses involve several complex activities and task that need to be accomplished, the tasks that are interrelated with each other. Thus one of the major objectives before initiating the tasks of a project includes scheduling the individual activities depending on specific time, as well as resources. This needs to be done such that the total project can be completed within the planned time, with minimum cost being allocated (Sharma 2006). For the use of PERT in management of projects, a weighted average of the estimated duration for each activity of the project needs to be calculated which is done

Project Learning Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Project Learning Plan - Essay Example Additionally, the decisive factor gained from my own personal and professional experiences are by establishing parameters and determination to learn initiatives within those boundaries at being the most effective as a professional in my career. Furthermore, my Master of Professional Studies will be based on my studies that I achieved throughout my career along with my reflections from those experiences. â€Å"With these skills† I am able to relate to projects that are endeavoured to undertake in my business as a Safety Professional with Qld/NT BCM Boral Ltd. The Company operates as a Global and National Construction and Materials company. I am responsible for ensuring that all Queensland sites include the effective safe management and support mechanisms in regard to safety of employees throughout the organisation. My role increasingly places me as an internal leader with my peers. By providing the use of effective interpersonal skills in the provision of leadership, advice and support, I maintain the standards of the principles in performance and standards that I have established as a role model within the safety team. In order to continue my inclinations to succeed, I must essentially set my own conclusions of focus settings within my organisation and externally. Additionally, I must continue to be adaptable in all situations of this position and everyday life experiences. Therefore, by employing and utilising my strategies of project management within the Company and researching the best practices outside the industry, my planned learning methodology will align with the Company’s business objectives and be an active role model of the team. In my Professional Masters, I will be directing my studies into all aspects of my Company: 1) Researching methods and techniques, while drawing on comparisons within the industry; 2) Utilising frameworks and structured approaches to solving project orientated areas; 3) Develop and implement the best practices and procedures within the industry; 4) Work towards managing risks of my organisation to function effectively with these projects. Furthermore, my Professional Masters studies will forward my professional standings within the industry and grading as a Fellow of the Safety Institute of Australia as a proven leader in my profession. In summary, of my Masters, the remaining subjects to finalise this qualification include: WBL 8000: Learning Plan: 1 Unit WBL 8020: OHS Safety Management System National Implementation Project – two Units (submitted). I am currently self-sponsoring my degree in my Masters. However, early indications that these projects have the full support of the Company in regard to time and resources for project completion are assured. Moreover, my mentor in the company has considerable expertise learning in all aspects of my projects, which will greatly expand my existing knowledge to his standard. As I extend my journey, my University lecturer will lead me thro ugh the system by having extensive

Industrial Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Industrial Economics - Essay Example In fact in many markets there exist some dominating firms which play the roles of market leader. These large firms in order to maintain their market share create some barriers for new firm to enter into the market. (Baldwin, 1995) Barriers to entry into a particular industry have immense potential to diminish or entirely prevent the normal mechanism of that industry in attracting new firms towards it. To negatively affect competition in an industry along with the welfare of consumers, it is not always necessary for entry barriers to prevent firms from making their entry into that industry forever. In fact, very often these barriers can create significant effect on the performance of the market only by retarding the arrival of new entrants into it. It is of course true that consumer will suffer from monopoly level pricing for long if entry barriers prevent firms from entering into the market indefinitely, but along with this, it is also true that consumers will also suffer if decline in prices from increasing competition is delayed by delayed entry of new firms due to entry barriers. (Geroski, 1995) The first important contribution in the area of discussion on entry barriers was made by Bain (1956). Bain made an attempt to define an entry barrier in terms of its effect on firms’ profitability. According to Bain if entry barriers exist in an industry then existing firms will be able to earn profits beyond their normal level without inducing other firms to make an entry into the market. Bain had argued that entry of new firms into an industry is determined by the level of advantages that the existing firm in the industry enjoys over the potential new entrants. He made a comparison between established firms’ profit prior to the entry of potential entrants and post entry profit level of new entrants. According to Bain, there will be an entry barrier if an entrant fails to attain the profit levels that established firms used to enjoy before the arrival of

Claudius Speech - Hamlet Essay Example for Free

Claudius Speech Hamlet Essay Claudius, the former ruler, husband of his sister and brother of the recently perished king gives a speech at the beginning of Act I. II of Hamlet. Shakespeare’s use of literary devices allows the reader to comprehend the intentions behind Claudius’s figurative language within his coronation speech. The opening scene in Hamlet portrays Denmark to currently be critically unstable and with militaristic chaos; however, in Claudius’s speech he disposes that idea and conveys confidence in the stability of the nation. This chronological set up introduces the theme of appearance vs.  reality as Claudius efforts to manipulate the kingdom into trusting that he has everything under control is carried mischievously yet successfully throughout his speech. Aware of the presence of the rightful king, young Hamlet, Claudius commences his speech with an ambiguous line that strikes the attention of Hamlet. Once he is aware of young Hamlet’s attention, he continues to approach the courthouse. He seemingly shows a state of grief as he acknowledges his dead brother. â€Å" My dear brother’s death† the use of alliteration makes us aware that Claudius has used that line several times before in order to show a sign of loss. He wants to appear that has suffered too from this death, he mentions that â€Å" the memory be green† this metaphor is placed to represent the idea that the memory is fresh and it has not been long since he perished, while also leaving a gruesome image of the old kings decomposing body. His first use of anti-thesis is then exposed in line 6, when he mentions â€Å" the wisest sorrows† in that line he is understanding those in grief but reminding them to think of themselves and the future of Denmark instead. After respectfully mentioning the death of Hamlet, and expressing his condolence to the kingdom he deceitfully moves on to the second important announcement: his wedding. Uneasy, Claudius is trying to go about his speech like a metaphorical obstacle course hoping there is no interference or opposition, while still being able to appear as confident. Efficaciously, he presents his marriage â€Å" Therefore our sometime sister, now our queen, Th’ imperial jointress to this warlike state. † Using the state of war as his alaby to the marriage of his brother’s wife he is able to convince the courthouse that it is for the greater good and that his actions are a form of self-sacrifice for the nation. Continuing to justify his marriage as a cause and affect matrimony instead of acts of incest he mentions the â€Å" mirth in funeral † and â€Å"dirge in marriage†. This literary device is important within his speech because it is his second antithesis, and a paradoxical clause. In this he is suggesting that he brought happiness to this sad event for the benefit of his people. â€Å"In equal scale, weighing delight and dole† Claudius is trying to banish the aura of unsteadiness and declares balance. He makes up for the sorrow of his dead brother, by marrying his sister. Even though it is an obvious unusual event, Claudius reflects enough confidence as king and successfully manages avoid any opposition. A good strategy used was his the frequent use of â€Å" we†. This indicated that the king was not only speaking for himself, but he was speaking for everyone like a good statesman would. In reality however, he was doing so to make everyone aware that it was of â€Å" better wisdoms† to agree with him, and that those with worst wisdoms would not face good consequences. Claudius gently expresses his supreme control over Denmark and threatens anyone who dares oppose him in a non-aggressive way. He later finalizes the topic of marriage by dismissing the awkward topic of the table like a typical political â€Å" For all, our thanks† As king, Claudius then addresses the issues with Norway. Assertively, he informs the kingdom of his plan of action. He repeats the line â€Å" dear brother’s death† giving it little sentimental value. He then quickly states that Norway believes that Denmark is â€Å" disjoint and out of frame. † He assures the courthouse that the case is not so, and that they will successfully deal with Fortibras. The irony behind that is that Denmark is weak, regardless of what Claudius wants his people to believe. In order to seem like a man of action Claudius puts his future plan forward â€Å" Thus much the business is we have here writ to Norway, uncle of young Fortibras. † By doing that he convinces many that he is a potent king. Writing to Norway makes him seem like he is aware of what he is doing and that the nation does not need to worry. To complement his assurance he appoints two messengers to deliver a letter, this is significantly important because his objective is to prove to the court that he trusts his officials, ironically thought, he is purposely sending two people incase of a betrayal. Claudius’s speech had a successful outcome. He was able to gently hide his inner insecurities and expose himself as a good statesman and valiant leader. His word usage was essential to the deliverance of his speech as it allowed him to get his awkward points across like unusual marriage to his sister. His use of antithesis did make the reader question the sincerity of his grief, but it did not seem to affect the opinion of the courthouse. He showed clear superiority over everyone within the courthouse, especially Hamlet, while making himself clear that he would not tolerate any disagreement of his coronation. Most importantly, he put an action plan forward and proved himself as king.

Use Of Timber In Projects Construction Essay

Use Of Timber In Projects Construction Essay The informal interviews revealed some additional factors, not discussed in the literature review, which may have helped to shape the position of timber within the marketplace in the UK. These factors were included in the formal questionnaire and are discussed below. Time to complete timber construction projects Discussion with timber engineers revealed that the time taken to build on site with timber is longer than typical steel structures. Though we would not wish to suggest that careful engineering of steel structures is any less important, it must be accepted that the steel construction in the UK has a very well established track record for single storey non domestic use. Steel sheds for commercial and industrial use are ubiquitous the length and breadth of the UK and, by association, the engineering and site skills which produced them must be very well established in the UK construction industry. How long history of steel construction manifests itself in a construction project can be quite subtle. The bolt length in steel is 30mm but timber can be 300mm so tolerance to fit them on site is far narrower with timber. Timber engineer, Peter Steer remarked that to get the bolt into its fixing can be highly problematic and can cause delay for inexperienced fabricators. Such delay simply wouldnt happen for steel fabrication as the skill involved in fitting a 30m bolt is commonplace compared to a 300mm bolt. There are very many more steel fabricators with the skills to deliver the former but far fewer timber site specialists who can comfortably deliver the latter. So the tendency is for delay on site. It is difficult to compare timber projects with an exact match for a steel frame project but timber structural engineer Frank Werling said that engineered timber structures can require 3 weeks to engineer versus 1 week for steel. Price differential between steel and engineered timber sections Nick Milestone, MD of B K Timber Structures said that the rising price of steel during the period 2000-2008 saw the price of engineered timber draw closer to comparable steel sections. This gave greater price competitiveness to timber suppliers and the use of timber gradually became more widespread in the UK. The word gradually must be emphasised there because long span timber structures were still quite rare until very recently when supermarkets and their architects led the way in demanding timber for these low rise, long span timber structures. Even though steel prices were climbing rapidly there was such a weight of expertise, of established supply chains and comfort of architects and clients in steel structures that steel retained its hegemony in the market. However since 2008 steel has crashed from circa 1400euro to 1000euro a tonne. This has coincided with a drop in the value of the pound relative to the euro. (European Central Bank statistics www.ecb.europa.eu/stats) The result is that, although the disparity between steel and Glulam sections had narrowed to approximately 10% in 2008, it is now over 40%. However demand at BK timber structures hasnt fallen while the price differential has widened during the past 2 years. This may be because there are other drivers such as the high aesthetic of Glulam beams and the sustainability of using timber structures that are keeping timber buoyant in the marketplace. Supply of engineered timber for large framed structures Tim Reynolds of BRE explained that UK timber eg Sitka spruce has a strength grade of C16. That grown in the drier EU countries is C24 or better. Glulam requires at least C24 timber. Therefore, here in the UK we must accept a situation where our own forests cannot produce timber of adequate strength grades. Either the timber is imported from other countries for UK factories to produce the Glulam, or Glulam sections are bought ready made from factories overseas. If the former situation were to take place then a company would need to find enormous start-up costs to procure the right machinery and train the workforce necessary to begin producing large Glulam sections. This would need to take place against a growing but still relatively minor market share for engineered timber frame construction in the UK. Furthermore, this hypothetical new UK Glulam factory would still be competing against established European competitors who have developed their expertise and can use locally sourced timber. In fact, often the large forestry and sawmilling companies in EU nations have sufficient scale and turnover to be able to afford the capital investment necessary to develop their own Glulam manufactories. This could not realistically take place in the UK where, not only do our forests produce insuffici ently strong softwood for Glulam manufacture, but the forestry industry is diffuse. Small UK forestry firms with modest turnover are content to sell their lumber for fence posts and other lower grade uses. They would be unlikely to find the capital necessary to establish their own Glulam manufactories. Where timber buildings, such as grid-shell structures, can be built with lower strength UK grown timber there has traditionally been a problem with the supply from the UK forestry industry, according to Peter Wilson of the centre for Timber Engineering at Napier University. The Scottish enterprise centre identified this as a key barrier to development of UK forestry into higher value added markets. It came to the conclusion that the barrier to using UK grown timber was a lack of qualified engineers who understood the potential of the material. For this reason the centre for timber engineering was set up. Peter Wilson says there has been a significant improvement in the skill base in the UK but there is still no culture of building with timber in the UK. Also, here the forestry sector is fragmented and, apart from isolated examples such as the magnificent Savills Grid-shell building, earns its living at the bottom of the value chain with fence posts and pallet manufacture. Due to this fragmented and low earning forestry sector there is little capital to invest in plant and sawmill machinery. By contrast, Scandinavian, Austrian and German forestry companies are large economic concerns with the capital to set up Glulam manufactories where start-up costs can be 20 million euro or more, almost as a secondary concern. No UK timber company or forestry company would be able to set up such a facility. This is likely to remain a structural reason why high strength structural engineered timber must be imported into the UK. This may have implications for surety of supply and cost differentials due to exchange rates. UK traditional procurement methods According to survey respondents the UK has, to some extent, lagged behind mainland Europe in the adoption of Project Management procurement methods, or Novated design and build, where a site structural engineer can be part of the design team at an early stage. There are fewer architects experienced and skilled enough in designing the connection details of large span timber structures in the UK due to the relative scarcity of such projects. By contrast architects who can design and work with steel connections in relative comfort are far more common and all stages of the design process for steel structures are so well established in the UK that the plans are efficiently realised on site by the steel fabricators. The relative lack of recent project experience from UK architects with timber means that the involvement of a site structural engineer is of great importance. The connection details can be complex and often need to be prefabricated to specific design tolerances before they can be assembled on site. A traditional procurement process would tend to leave these connection details until later in the process when there is a pressing and critical need for erection of the structure on site. As the site engineers in this traditional process will be unlikely to have been involved in the design team then there will be inevitable delay as they attempt to interpret the plans of the design engineer. At this point, the costs incurred by the site fabricators are higher as they are devoting more resources into carrying out plans that they have not been involved in. This lack of communication or cohesion in the design of the engineering element of the building can have cost implications and act as a d isincentive to design timber structures. If we look at the example of the Savill building at Windsor great park Green Oak Carpentrys Site Manager, Steve Corbett, said there were genuinely no real problems with the construction, which he attributed to the architect commissioning Buro Happold and Green Oak Carpentry early in the design phase so that engineering issues were addressed as part of the design from the start. Mark Feely, a chartered architectural technologist, who worked on a recent RICS award submitted design for an ASDA timber store in Oldham told me that his client pushed for a sustainable green store and Finn Forest UK Ltd were employed before the architect. It was a design and build contract so it was unusual to go straight for a technical supplier without competitive tender. Mark explained that sometimes this unusual sequence of procurement happens when a contractor is persuasive with a client and can demonstrate a technical mastery of a structure that suits their needs. This possibly lends weight to an argument that both clients and architects lack the experience of working with these timber structures and are looking for technical leadership from contractors who, as we have discussed, are few in UK construction. This ASDA store was also deemed to be time critical as there was a clear marketing strategy to keep pace with Tesco who had recently procured a timber framed store buildin g. Fire risk, perception of risk and insurance implications Suppliers of timber structural products said that they faced a perception from clients that their building insurance would be higher due to a perceived high risk of fire. Discussions with fire engineers at insurance companies have suggested that there is no price difference fixed for timber structures and it depends on the overall building design and detailing. Skills and training in design and assembly of timber structures There are fewer carpentries in the UK than in other EU countries where there is a tradition and a demand for timber building in non domestic settings. For timber contractors such as BK structures, the demand for their services can outstrip their capacity and as there are few competing companies the order books become full and projects may struggle to find contractors without booking well in advance of the project. This would also suggest that the price of carpentry is kept buoyant by a relative lack of competition. At the Napier school for Timber engineering there has been a recent surge in applicants for courses in timber engineering to Eurocode 5 on 31st March 2010. The courses were oversubscribed and, while this represents a positive demand from qualified timber engineers for developing their skills, there will be an inevitable lag effect. Engineers will need to familiarise themselves with EC5 and to become proficient with putting the new code into practise. Dr Julie Bregulla of the BRE told me that this is quite a significant barrier for the UK timber industry and stems from the almost cottage-industry nature of the sector. In other countries the timber sector has more resources to employ people to lobby and negotiate to have the code structured in a way that suits their industry. Analysis of structured questionnaire The table on (page) shows the full data set from the respondents to the questionnaire. The statements listed were put forward to a range of leading figures from all parts of the supply chain in timber construction. Suppliers, clients, timber engineers, architects and academic research professionals were asked to rank these statements from 0 to 10 with 0 at the end of the continuum where there was profound disagreement and 10 at the end where there was strongest agreement. This data is expressed in the chart below, where the bars represent the highest, lowest and mean ranking for each question.

Free Essays - All Quiet on the Western Front :: All Quiet on the Western Front Essays

Paul Bäumer, the narrator and protagonist in All Quiet on the Western Front, is a character who develops extensively within the course of the novel. As a young man, he is persuaded to join the German Army during World War I. This three year ordeal is marked by Paul's short, but tragic trek into adulthood as he learns to cope with the trials and tribulations of war. In the wake of a struggle which claims millions, Paul loses his precious innocence as he is further isolated from society and engulfed by bloodshed. Paul's evolution throughout the novel is a result of his having to adapt in order to survive. Paul's experiences in combat shatter his former misconceptions of war; consequently, he gains the ability to reflect on events with his own accord. His naive ideas are severely challenged when he first witnesses the ugly truth of war. "The first bombardment showed us our mistake, and under it the world as they had taught it to us broke in pieces"(13). Paul's first engagement in combat reveals that everything he was taught as a young recruit are lies; consequently, he can now form his own conclusions. Through the ongoing course of the war, Paul comes to grips with the reality of the situation. "They are strong and our desire is strong-but they are unattainable, and we know it"(121). Paul realizes that the soldiers former lives are all but distant memories. His maturing personality gives him the insight to see past the facade of war and expose it for what it truly is. Paul loses his innocence and childhood during the war; as a result, he becomes a man. When Paul and his companions encounter some French women, they exchange food for sexual intercourse. "We unwrap our parcels and hand them over to the women. Their eyes shine, it is obvious they are hungry"(148). Through this transaction, Paul uses the women as an outlet for his sexual urges. Shortly after this rendezvous, Paul receives a leave of absence; however, he finds it difficult to leave the war behind. "Speak to me - take me up - take me, Life of my Youth - you who are care-free, beautiful - receive me again - "(172). Paul can no longer conjure up the feelings of happiness which accompanied his youth, in essence his childhood is lost. The war has stripped Paul of his innocence and taken away everything that he treasured.

Factors Affecting the Standard of Living Residents in Brgy. Cawayan, Catarman, Northern Samar

Our country is an ideal area for economic growth. Its mild climate, rich natural resources, and fertile soil suited for plant growth are some of many reasons to justify why our country could be developed economically. It is to be noted; however that increase production means economic growth and a way to raise the living standard of families. As economic growth improves the average citizen’s standard of living a smaller portion of the population tends to fall below the absolute poverty standard.Society can eliminate absolute poverty through a combination of economic growth and transform of many citizens with more than adequate income to the poor. Every residents in the Philippines would like to raise its living standard an exactly that of its community fact, every political bigwig aims to improve his home towns above all other. Most of the people find a way to become successful to have greater income more than enough for their daily subsistence or that would suffice their needs . Those, improve the living standard of the residents. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMGenerally, this study attempted to determine some factors affecting the standard of living residents in Brgy. Cawayan, Catarman, Northern Samar. Specifically, this study will answer the following queries. 1. What is the socio-demographic profile of the residents in Brgy. Cawayan, Catarman, Northern Samar in terms of: Age Sex Civil Status Highest Educational Attainment Monthly Income 2. Are the following factors affects the standard of living of the residents in Brgy. Cawayan, Catarman, Northern Samar? Ideal household size Total family income (annually) Numbers of family members in school Types of household 3.What are those factors that directly affects and indirectly affects the standard of living of the residents in Brgy. Cawayan, Catarman, Northern Samar? 4. What is the standard of living of the residents in Brgy. Cawayan, Catarman, Northern Samar in terms of: Food expenditures Clothing expenditures App liances and utilities Housing expenditures Recreation and transportation Health and education expenditures 5. What recommendation do the respondents advanced in order to uplift their standard of living? OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY Specifically, this study aimed to: 1. Determine the socio-demographic profile of the residents in Brgy.Cawayan, Catarman, Northern Samar in terms of: Age Sex Civil Status Highest Educational Attainment Monthly Income 2. Determine the following factors that affects the standard of living of the residents in Brgy. Cawayan, Catarman, Northern Samar. Ideal household size Total family income (annually) Numbers of family members in school Types of household 3. Determine the factors that directly affects and indirectly affects the standard of living of the residents in Brgy. Cawayan, Catarman, Northern Samar. 4. Determine the standard of living of the residents in Brgy. Cawayan, Catarman, Northern Samar in terms of: Food expendituresClothing expenditures Appliances a nd utilities Housing expenditures Recreation and transportation Health and education expenditures 5. Determine recommendation do the respondents advanced in order to uplift their standard of living. SCOPE AND LIMITATION This study is limited to the residents in Barangay Cawayan, Catarman, Northern Samar. The researchers shall base their analysis on the response of the respondents in the questionnaire designed for the purpose of this study. Likewise this is united to the indicators such as: food expenditures, clothing expenditures, utilities, housing expenditures and education.The house hold size, family income, number of family member in school, type of household, employment status of head of the family and nature of work are also considered. The researchers limits their knowledge on the expenses and knowledge in conducting the research. IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY This study attempted to gather data that can be a basis for improving the standard of living of the residents in Brgy. Cawa yan, Catarman, Northern Samar. The result of this study will be useful to Barangay Officials in elevating the living standard of every residents in the said Barangay through the factors that affect them.It will also serve as reference for students who intend to do a research on other economical problem of this said locality. The findings of this study will also help the community to become aware of living standard of every Filipino residents in order to develop their community especially that of Filipino residents residing in the rural areas. DEFINITION OF TERMS 1) AGE – the entire period of life or existence, as of a person, thing, nation, etc. 2) SEX – either of two divisions, male and female, by which organisms are distinguished with reference to the reproductive functions. ) CIVIL STATUS – it refers to the respondents whether they are single, married, separated, widow or widower. 4) MONTHLY INCOME – it refers to the amount of money received by all mem bers of the family every month and which serves as a common fund to buy the needs and wants of the family. 5) TYPES OF HOUSEHOLD – determine to as whether the respondents live in their own home or they live with their parents even they have own family. 6) STANDARD OF LIVING – refers to a living status in terms of indicators considered in the study.7) FOOD – it refers to a solids substance eaten for nourishment of the respondents. ) CLOTHING – it refers to a wearing apparel of respondents to cover their human body. 9) APPLIANCES – it refers to the things owned by the family which adorn their houses and are used by the family members for their comfort and convenience. 10) UTILITIES – fitness for some desirable practical purpose, serviceableness; that which is necessary. 11) HOUSE MAINTENANCE – it refers to any dwelling place of a family. 12) RECREATION – it refers to the activities of the family for refreshment and relaxation. 13 ) TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES – it refers to any mode of transportation used by the family ingoing to work or school.4) HEALTH – it refers to the body condition the respondents whether they are strong or weak. 15) EDUCATIONAL EXPENDITURES – it refers to a training by which a respondents learn how to use or develop their mental, physical and moral power. 16) EXPENDITURES – total expenses of a family for their daily needs. 17) NUCLEAR TYPE OF FAMILY – family members composed of father, mother, children living in their own home. 18) EXTENDED TYPE OF FAMILY – family members living together with their parents, even if they have own family. CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Research LiteratureStandard of living usually refers to the economic level achieved by an individual, family or nation. It may be measured by the value of the goods and services produces or used by the individual, family, or nation in a given period of time. Another interpr etation of standard living is based on the goals that the people have enough material things for comfort and happiness, they achieved their standard of living. Standard of living is determined by the social status a person has and the goods and services he can buy. Wealthy people are secured with comfort and accorded with highest esteem by other people.Changes in prices can affect standard of living of families normally declines. On the other hand, when prices down with all other things remaining the same, people standard of living normally raises. But the letter statement does not anymore happen now a day. The relative poverty standard is the standard of living below which a certain percentage of population falls if we choose the percentage to be 10%, the relative poverty standard would be the income of the family at the tenth percentile of the income distribution. One of the problems of family is poverty. Poverty is a vicious cycle.If the parents are poor, the children will likely be poor also. Poor parents cannot provide their children with good condition or education that will raise them up from poverty. Another is they cannot give their children good food, hence they are sickly and have poor energy level which keep them away from school. Consequently, they slim chances to have a good saying job when they mature. According to Gordon and Dawson, standard of living in rural areas 30 percent below the standard of living in the cities, yet one of every five farmers lives below the poverty line. Development is the concern of everyone.It places a crucial role in every country. It is considered a progressive and dynamic process. Any country, which has attained development, has abundant material resources to meet her need. Educate people are more aware of the impact of the government on their lives and more attention to politics. They have more information about politics and undertake wide range of political activities. The status, goods and services they enjoy by the people largely determine their standard of living. On the other hand, the standard of living of the people depends upon there income.People who are wealthy are secured with comfort and accorded with highest prestige. Changes in the prices affect the living standard of segment of the population especially that of the worker or a person with fixed income. Family size also affect poverty. The absolute poverty standard raises with family size but not necessarily with earning capacity. The high standard of living, the lower the population that a given area can support. In many of the world, the standard of living is also low that large population can exist in small of land. In areas of high living standard, the resources can support only a spa use population.Although the poor earn but a small fraction of natural income, they have made great strides in absolute living standards. Real wages have rises steadily over the last century; manufacturing workers today earn real wages 10 times what their great grandfather got. Few socialist or communist today doubt that capitalist has been a mighty engine for increasing the real wages of poor as well as rich. A country may be conceived as one in which the collective objectives is to maximize the total welfare this rather than economic power of other forms of it, like military and political influence.The most living, that is the quantity of good and services available for consumption. Local Literature Electrification raises not only the level of consumption but also the will to economize because higher standard of living (consumption), brought about by household electricity, are necessarily accompanied by an increase in the income of the family (through more production), either through self-employment causing the electricity industry, or through employment in power-using industries.The people having a minimum of subsistence standard of living have an income adequate to provide for their necessities under normal conditions , but they cannot spare any part of their income for social necessities. They cannot afford medical care, and in case of emergency like sickness they have to depend on free clinic or dispensaries. They can manage to exist without any assistance, buy they can count on no savings to depend upon when the bread winner of the family is unemployed. They are always exercise careful economy in their expenditures. Pp. 668The families having the comfort standard of living may be described as those who can afford to provide not only for a sufficient amount of the necessities but also for cultural wants. They can send their children to college, they can afford to set aside part for their income for recreation and travel, and they can participate in the conventional activities in their community. The small land owner, most of members of the professional class and small business men enjoy this standard. Many of them can drive a car and can afford to join to a club. All demands of a respectable sc ale of living can be satisfied.The members constitute the upper middle class in the country. At the poverty level, people are unable to provide sufficient quantity of the necessities for an independent existence even with the most careful expenditure of available income. Their income is entirely inadequate to provide for the upkeep of the family. The people of this class have to be aided most of the time in one way or another. Their food is much simple, they could not afford to clothe themselves decently, and they live in a nip shacks in an over crowded houses where privacy is impossible.They literally live to have a mouth existence. The constitute the bulk of those who appeal to charitable organizations for help, if they are not actually living on beggary. Pp. 667 Standard of living are products of society. Many of the goods they consume are considered essential in maintaining personal and social well-being, because our neighbours and whole community are using them to do many thing s because it is appropriate and natural for us to work with them. If it is customary in a town to send children to school, parents in that community exerted effort sending their children to school.Our attitude toward many things is being imposed upon by society, our choices are controlled by the society of which we are part of. Living standard are constantly undergoing a process of change. There is scarcity in nation that does not experience changes in its standard of living. The standard of living of some people changes in its standard of living. The standard of living of some people changes much more slowly than that of others, depending on the effort of certain dynamic for use that bring about reorganization of social economics values and lead them to scrutinize of life.It is scarcity necessary to point out that the different standards of living in the Philippines have not been immune from innovation and new concepts and attitudes of what constitutes individual and social welfare since the Spanish time. Pp. 671 It is difficult for the poor to maintain life of dignity. They have not been fortunate enough to find an employment that will enable them to provide education. Because of lack of education and the right connection, a poor person finds it difficult to work for a job. If ever he finds one, it is usually a low paying job.Standard of living is determined by the social status a person has and the goods and services he can buy. Wealthy people are secured with comfort and accorded with highest esteem by other people. Changes in prices can affect standard of living. When prices go up without corresponding increase in income, the standard of living of the people normally decline. On the other hand when prices go down with all other things remaining the same, people standard of living normally rises. But the latter statement does not anymore happen now a days. Poverty is a vicious cycle.If the parents are poor, the children will likely be poor also. Poor paren ts cannot provide their children with good education that will raise them up from poverty. Another is they cannot give their children with good food, hence they are sickly and have poor energy level which keep away from school. Consequently, they end up unschooled. As such they have slim chances to have a good paying job when they mature. According to Sorio, as cited by Bicol, (1998) the standard of living of the people is largely determined by the status, goods and services they enjoy.On the other hand, the goods and services status people enjoy depend upon their income. People who are wealthy secure the most comfort and are accorded with the highest prestige. In addition to the family’s income the cost of living and the house, the family residents should not be considered. Limpoco, )1989) stated that material possession is an indicator of the level of living. Malaki, B. et. Al, (1998) claimed that in the discipline of economy. Largely family size may be a good source of inc ome.This is, however, placed in tandem with all other attitudes which may contribute to the realization of a livable standard of living. Ubaldo, et. Al. , (1998) found out that most of the farmers, the respondents of his study belong to the income of P49, 912. 00 per annum as which for low the poverty level. Ronquillo, et, al. , (1989), stated that the higher the standard of living in a given area can support. In an area of high standard of living, the resources can support only sparse population. Development is the concern of every one.It places a crucial role in every country. It is considered a progressive and dynamic process. Any country, which has attained development, has abundant material resources to meet her needs educated people are more aware of the political activities. The status, goods and services they enjoyed by the people largely determine their standard of living. On the other hand, the standard of living of the people depends upon their income. People who are weal thy are secured with comfort and accorded with the highest prestige.Changes in the prices affect the living standard of segment of the population, especially, that of the worker or a person with fixed income. The higher standard of living, the lower the population that a given area can support. In many of the world, the standard of living is also low that large population can exist on small of land. In areas of high living standard, the resources can support only a spares population. The most important cause of poverty among individuals is poverty itself. One who come from a poor family generally turns out to be poor himself and this likely to be true to his children.This is vicious cycle of poverty. The poor has a lesser opportunity for a better life because he moves around an environment where everybody seems to be perennially needing support and assistance from others. The poor are generally more prone to illness; hence absenteeism at work is rampant thereby lowering their earnin g capacity. Poor health results in lower energy level, lower productivity and shorter lives. The goods services and social status that people enjoy depend upon their income. In like manner, the goods and services and social status largely determine their standard of living.People relatively enjoy a high standard of living. They are not very much affected when there is an increase in the cost of living because their income does not generally fluctuate if the changes in prices occur. For a worker or a person who depends on fix income, affects his standard of living. In sparsely populated countries, the people living standard is relatively higher than in over populated countries. This is so because the resources of a given country can sufficiently support an ideal number of population.If the population growth out poses production growth, there would be an imbalance of distribution of wealth. According to Ronquillo, et. al. , (1989) the standard of living is high in a country which has enough resources to support its population. Tussing, (1987) claims that children whose parents are poor and have been deprived of good pre-natal care; thereby likely have less IQ, lower energy level, higher absenteeism at school and shorter lives. They will likely be poor when they grow up and have less chance to enjoy a high standard of living. Foreign LiteratureThe fantastic magnitude of the increases in both labor production and output for capita since, say, 1800 is best appreciated by contrasting it with the dismal average record of many previous centuries. In Europe, after a long decline. Living standards had been increasing intermittently since the eleventh century – the century in which William the Conqueror acquired England. Yet, it is estimated that even by the time of the American civil war neighbour labor productivity nor GNP per capita had yet re attained the levels that had been achieved in ancient Rome – about 16 centuries earlier!Thus, on the average, pr oductivity and GNP per capita did not grow at all over 1600 years. Even for those wealthy enough to buy them, the number of important new consumer goods innovated in those 16 centuries was remarkably small. Firearms, glass windowpanes eyeglass, mechanical clocks, tobacco, and printed books constitute almost the entire list of major new consumer products invented between the fall of the Roman Empire and the beginning of the nineteenth century.Indeed, some significant amenities notably elaborated bathing facilities efficient home heating devices, had disappeared since the fall of Rome. Family size is usually related to living standard. Bigger family size results in a lower living standard, while smaller family size leads to the improvement of living standard. This happens, however, only when other factors that affect living standard are held constant. According to Gordon and Dawson (1984), standard of living in rural areas are 30 percent below the standard of living in the cities, let one out of every five percent lives below the poverty line.According to Henderson and Poole (1991), the family size also, affects poverty line. The absolute poverty standard rises with family size, but earning capacity does not. There is also an association between large families and low education level. Parents with a little formal education are not likely to get jobs that pay well enough to support many children. Hence, many are likely to be poor. Even though family size and race can put people at the risk of poverty. Over all, the primary determinants of poverty is whether the household works.

The Effect of Indoor Environmental Quality of a Green Building

THE EFFECT OF INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY OF A GREEN BUILDING TOWARDS ITS USER'S/OCCUPANT ‘S LEVEL OF COMFORT LITERATURE REVIEW Green edifices need an attack including consideration towards wellness and well-being of the residents in every facets of the build undertakings, non merely for the single flat unit but for the full edifice, based on a wider context about the environment and the community about. This affair can be a immense attack which need an incorporate thought for the designers, interior decorators, developers and authorities who is responsible in the community planning ( Plass N 2007 ) . Even though we are still in early phase, constructing a sustainable edifice presents is an set up construct with increasing rate of demand in most states where it is supported by authorities in Europe, America, China, Hong Kong, Japan, and Korea. These authorities have been promoted by their several Green Building Councils. In a rate where ages is threatened by the clime presents, there is an increasing demand for energy and resource efficient edifice, but there is besides a demand to construct a healthy and com fy places that is non affected by undue emanations of harmful substances ( Yu CWF 2010 ) , blaze ( PR 2010 ) or deficient lighting ( Lim HS 2010 ) , noise ( Han MH 2010 ) , hot and cold clime ( Daghigh R 2009 ) , where residents can really experience safe, can interact with each other freely and can construct hope for our hereafter. For commercial edifices, there are studies of grounds about the environmentally certified edifices are raising in the facets of personal control, twenty-four hours lighting, thermic comfort, air quality and noise decrease which can increase the productiveness of persons in order for them to make work or concern operation ( Lee YS 2010 ) . Meanwhile this current research is besides about the reappraisal of environmental appraisal strategies based on IEQ issues where it can give a immense impact on the satisfaction degree of residents. ( Browning W 1995 ) have made a study on the multiple pre-post observational surveies which examined the consequence on energy efficient designs on the productiveness of the workers. one of their survey is affecting an energy efficient retrofit to the Main Post Office in Reno, Nevada. A new ceiling was fitted inside the edifice for an betterment of light, temperature, and noise within the scope of mail sorting room. Productivity eventually been reported to hold the consequences in increased of 6-8 % after the retrofit installed. Similar to other single-group pre station survey of this sort, nevertheless, one ‘s demands to be more careful when saying other grounds for the ascertained addition. They besides argue about the issue of coinciding program to better productiveness in clip of the retrofit which they stated that there are none and the productiveness was ever measured. Unfortunately, the graph that they presented merely demo the elevation of the productiveness followed by retrofit. If productiveness was measured as a normal operation, it would be a sourceful information to demo the productiveness informations during the pre-retrofit period. They stated that productiveness that been acquired in Reno Office are higher comparison to other sorters in western part of United States. However, the information for this other offices are non presented. Therefore, the groundss that proves the relationship between energy efficient design and the productiveness in this survey was non strong. Furthermore, the retrofit besides mentioned about lighting, temperature and sound. So, it can be clearly said that there is non possible for imputing the study in the betterment of productiveness from the peculiar alteration, merely retrofit in general. About the same, the 2nd illustration cited by ( Browning W 1995 ) is about the Nederlandshe Middenstandbank. It involved a batch of alteration to the new building- one of it could non be claimed as unique between green edifices, whether the S-curve land program which have gardens, courtyards, eating houses and meeting suites. Along with that it is besides non possible to impute the study that stated 15 % decrease in absenteeism of green characteristics in the new edifice where the characteristics include are twenty-four hours lighting, and natural airing through operable Windowss. The 3rd illustration by ( Browning W 1995 ) was a Walmart Store which had installed fanlights at about the scope of one half of the shop. It was reported that the gross revenues ( per square pes ) was higher than other section which situated in day-lit half. However, the consequences can be given other grounds on why this state of affairs go on between the two groups of section. ( J 2000 ) had done a reviewed literature on the subject of green edifices and the resident ‘s productiveness. One of the survey that he cited is research from ( Browning W 1995 ) . Another one is from ( A 1999 ) where he concluded that comfort and productiveness that can be seen is higher in a edifice where residents have control over ambient status and where the edifice provide both natural and air conditioning. All of this research really have the same decision. ( Menzies D 1997 ) concluded that the productiveness was increased by 11 % ( if comparison with controlled groups ) for the workers that have been given full control over the entire and way of the air flow in their work infinite. ( Brager GS 1998 ) reported that there is a relationship between personal control in environmental conditions, particularly temperature and airing, and work public presentation. However, ( Brager GS 1998 ) besides noted about the research from ( Preller L 1990 ) which shows absenteeism that were related with Sick Building Syndrome ( SBS ) should be 34 % lower if the employees were giving full control over the temperature and airing. This state of affairs had produce a nexus between green edifice and productiveness which become the go-between for air quality and SBS beside comfort. From this, guided by the relationship between green edifice and IEQ ( for illustration comfort ) , it can be said that the existing cogent evidence is really weak and if there is a nexus, it is said that it was attributed to personal control on the ambient conditions. This sort of affair should be given an attending to look into whether or non soothe relates to satisfaction. In a reappraisal of environmental psychological science, ( Sundstrom E 1996 ) had underline twosome of theories which guided the research on dealing between human and physical environment subjects including the workplace. In these theories are arousal, environmental burden, emphasis and version, privateness ordinance, transactional attack, and ecological psychological science and behaviour puting theories. Hypothesis for rousing is to foretell the optimal satisfaction and public presentation while under the status of moderate rousing. This had given an sentiment on how temperature, sound and lighting can act upon the satisfaction degree and public presentation through psychosocial rousing. On overload hypothesis, people is considered holding a limited capacity to treat stimulations and information and predicted that we confront them with an overload, for illustration noise overload, where we choose in advancement for incoming information and disregarding the low-priority inputs. The research in environmental emphasis and version had recognized the relationships between temperature and sound with physiological and psychological emphasis ( for illustration chronic unwellness, and psychological impairement ) and confronting adaptative behaviours to cut down the effects/ emphasis. ( Sundstrom E 1996 ) stated empirical find in general is consistent with this hypothesis. ( Vilnai-Yavetz I 2005 ) proposed that office interior decorators should denounce the three separate rule which is the instrumentality, aesthetics and symbolism. Instrumentality is about the phase where physical property of an office supported their needful activities. Aestheticss refer to the beauty of the office. The survey besides province about the research that discover ‘beautiful ‘ suites ( as opposed to ‘ugly ‘ suites ) have a important difference on consequence to the perceptual experiences and emotions non numbering for short/long term. The 3rd rule is symbolism, which refer to the relationships that created by a infinite. the author found difference statistically between these two rules, that is instrumentality and aesthetics and occupation satisfaction and public presentation. Large part of all of the undertakings that residents in offices been through demands mental labor comparison to physical labor, where it relates with the office environment that should be more related to comfort. Furthermore, decline of interior environment will cut down the degree of capacity of the residents, where it will do the reduction of productiveness and increasing the emphasis degree. So, maintaining a better office is really important. ( Brasche S 2001 ) . As the sum-up, beside of all these groundss are still blur, there are a few of character that can be categorized as alone, or at least more common towards green constructing that have been linked to the quality of the indoor environment. Besides that, there are groundss which can associate comfort with characteristics that grant personal control towards temperature and airing. Furthermore, there are cogent evidence on how comfort is associating to workplace satisfaction. The purpose of this survey is to prove a statement, ( 1 ) green constructing create more comfy infinite ( 2 ) better comfort will steer to a higher overall satisfaction. This statement will be trial with methods of understanding the IEQ i a green edifice and how it act upon the comfort and satisfaction perceptual experience of the residents. Green edifice in this research is a edifice that situated in the locality of a metropolis in Malaysia, where Malaysia is celebrated for typical tropical clime. The variable of th e clime in Malaysia is non based on the temperature or air force per unit area but rainfall. In general, the clime in Malaysia can be describe where its coastal field temperature averaging 28 °C. 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( 2007 ) . â€Å" Strategic and practical deductions in determination devising and planning for sustainability. † Indoor Built Environ 18 ( 3 ) : 204-215. PR, B. ( 2010 ) . â€Å" The impact of visible radiation in edifices on human wellness. † Indoor Built Environ 19 ( 1 ) : 8-20. Preller L, Z. T. , Brunekreef B, Bolej JSM ( 1990 ) . Sick leave due to work related wellness ailments among office workers in the Netherlands. Indoor Air ’90, Toronto. Sundstrom E, B. P. , Busby PL, Asmus C ( 1996 ) . â€Å" Environmental psychological science 1989–1994. † Annual Reviews in Psychology 47: 485-512. Vilnai-Yavetz I, R. A. , Yaacov CS ( 2005 ) . â€Å" Instrumentality, aesthetics, and symbolism of office design. † Environment and Behaviour 37 ( 4 ) : 533-551. Yu CWF, K. J. ( 2010 ) . â€Å" Building pathology, probe of ill buildings– VOC emanations. † Indoor Built Environ 19 ( 1 ) : 30-39.